更新時(shí)間：2021-06-07 13:51:07作者：admin2
1、WHICH非限
1.which指代主句賓語(yǔ)which的用法：s+verb+o,which指代0(svo,which指代s一定錯(cuò)!)
2.which指代主句主語(yǔ)s:s+verb,which
(1)介詞+which=連詞
1.s+verb(+o)+prep+which
2.s+verb(+o),prep+which
區(qū)別介詞+that=名詞
I will buy this book because from that I study a lot.(有because作為連接詞，不用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)連接)
I will buy this book from which I study a lot.(無(wú)連接詞，需要用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)連接)
which指代的三種情況：
1、緊鄰修飾
一般情況下，“名詞，which”中的which是就近修飾緊鄰的名詞的。這種例子多的不勝枚舉。
一般例子就不用舉了，只舉個(gè)比較特別例子“A of B, which”(注：這里的of表示從屬關(guān)系)
1，The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond issue.
2,Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladitorial games, and spectacles.
Flavian Amphitheatre：福雷維安圓形劇場(chǎng)
3，In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of thromboxane, a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere with the production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.
thromboxane [生化]凝血惡烷，凝栓質(zhì)，血栓素。阿斯匹林可以阻止血小板生成凝血惡烷
prostacyclin n.【生物化學(xué)、藥物】環(huán)前列腺素，前列腺環(huán)素,
4，The survival of coral colonies, which are composed of innumerable tiny polyps living in a symbiotic relationship with brilliantly colored algae, is being threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants such as agricultural runoff, oil slicks, and trash, but also by dropped anchors, probing divers, and global warming.,
5，In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.,
這些例子都能說明從屬關(guān)系“A of B，which”中的which就近修飾緊鄰的名詞B。但是需要注意的是，在“SVO,which”句型中，如果which指代S一定錯(cuò)誤，which如果指代主語(yǔ)，這樣使用:s+verb,which
2、跳躍修飾
在前有“核心詞+介詞、分詞等修飾結(jié)構(gòu)”或者插入語(yǔ)的情況下，which跳躍修飾前面的核心詞，不能修飾緊鄰的名詞。
下面是幾個(gè)例子：
From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
(A)baggage so light
(B) baggage being so light
(C) baggage, yet being so light
(D) baggage, and so light
(E) baggage yet was so light
答案：E
這句話的which離其所應(yīng)該修飾的核心詞canoe很遠(yuǎn)，中間隔了一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，還隔了個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)about…，但只要知道核心詞是canoe就能一目了然找到which應(yīng)該指的是什么。這里不能修飾緊鄰的名詞cedar。
OG12-26
Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
A,Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering
B,Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
C,Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886and outnumbering
D,Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering
E,Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
這句話的which不能修飾其緊鄰的名詞Susan Huntington Dickinson，必須跳過介詞結(jié)構(gòu)to…，修飾核心詞letter。
Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition.
這句話的which不能修飾其緊鄰的名詞utility industry，必須跳過介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in…，修飾核心詞merger。
In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
這里的which不能修飾緊鄰的1698，必須跳過介詞結(jié)構(gòu)of 1968修飾前面的核心詞act。
One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership and a subsequent grain glut
Glut n. (商品)供過于求;大量
The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission, on pain of death.
有人這里會(huì)說這不是A of B，which嗎?which應(yīng)該緊鄰修飾啊?其實(shí)不然，因?yàn)閛f 1968和前面的那些A of B實(shí)際上用法不一樣，這里是表示時(shí)間而不是“從屬關(guān)系”。這個(gè)時(shí)間應(yīng)該歸在介詞結(jié)構(gòu)一類，所以要跳過。
on pain of違者以…論處